What Is Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software? Use Cases, Pros And Cons

Since its arrival in the mid-1960s, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software has become an indispensable tool for architects and engineers, used to create detailed, digital 2D drawings or 3D models of construction projects.  

However, contrary to popular belief, CAD offers more than just impressive visuals, as you will find out by reading this article.  

At SFG20, the industry standard for building maintenance specification, we're committed to empowering you with the tools and knowledge you need to achieve building safety and facilities excellence. 

If you’re considering adding CAD to your toolbox, read on to understand the applications, pros and cons, alongside how CAD differs from its close counterpart BIM (Building Information Modeling) and more.  

What Is Computer-Aided Design (CAD), And What Is It Used For?

As a top-level definition, CAD relates to the process of using software to generate a digital representation of real-world objects that can then be used to produce a hard copy version. 

For example, product designers utilise Computer-Aided Design software to create digital representations of drawings which can then be used for the manufacturing of everything from aeroplanes to mobile phones.  

In the construction industry, CAD software is used to create 2D drawings or 3D models of building components or entire structures.  

It’s important to note that some CAD software operates solely in 2D, while others work in 3D or are able to convert 2D drawings. 

A Brief History Of CAD And How It Has Changed  

The concept of CAD initially emerged in 1957 with the arrival of PRONTO, which was invented by Patrick Hanratty.  

Prior to PRONTO’s arrival, technical drawings were produced by hand using large drawing boards, paper, rulers, pens and pencils. If an error was made in the drawing, it meant that it had to be produced again from the start. 

An abbreviation for Program for Numerical Tooling Operations, PRONTO was the world’s first commercial numerical control (NC) programming system, designed to automate manufacturing processes by converting instructions into machine-readable commands.  

PRONTO was marked as a significant milestone in developing modern Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems and laid the foundation for CAD.  

By the 1960s, Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad computer program had arrived, which enabled users to use a light pen on a screen to draft up designs. 

Two decades later in the 1980s, the first CAD software with 2D design followed by parametric 3D design were introduced.  

Eventually, CAD became more accessible and affordable, and advanced enough to be used in engineering applications. It then went on to become immensely popular in the construction industry as it still is today.  

Who Is CAD Used By? 

Architects

Architects are among the most common users of CAD, employing it to create detailed 2D drawings and 3D models of buildings, design floor plans and elevation to help visualise concepts for clients.  

Fundamentally, CAD technology allows architects to communicate their ideas more effectively and make rapid design iterations. 

Engineers 

Engineers use CAD software to provide the geometric basis of all separate building elements, and use further software packages to calculate load distributions, analyse stress levels and design critical structural components such as beams, columns and trusses, as well as pipe and cable sizing.  

CAD also enables engineers to evaluate a building's structural integrity against various environmental factors and potential risks to ensure safety and compliance. It can also help to ensure that the building services are optimised for the building user’s requirements.  

Construction Managers  

Construction managers utilise CAD for project planning involving construction sequences, logistic laydown and site movement.   

This information can then be used through additional software to undertake scheduling, cost estimation and resource allocation.  

CAD software allows construction managers to visualise the construction process, track progress and monitor costs more effectively, leading to better project management and reduced delays. 

It also allows construction managers to record any deviation from the planned design to easily create ‘As Built’ drawings that provide a digital record of the built assets. 

What Are The Advantages Of CAD? 

Accurate Design and Visualisation 

CAD allows for the creation of intricate 2D drawings and 3D models of buildings, their structures and all the building elements including the services before construction begins, reducing the likelihood of errors and misunderstandings.  

For more complex designs, CAD can help to optimise space utilisation. 

Saves Time 

Rather than manually drafting designs, CAD has made the design process far quicker and easier. 

More specifically, one of CAD’s key benefits is its ability to duplicate and modify designs with ease, eliminating the need to create entirely new drawings by hand. 

This feature also allows users to track and compare previous iterations of a design, making it easier to refine and optimise projects over time. 

Beyond design, software packages that can be linked to CAD can automatically generate detailed reports and other essential documentation which can also reduce errors and in turn save time.  

Cost Savings 

CAD eliminates the need for physical prototypes, minimises material wastage, and allows for virtual testing and simulation, which can save organisations a significant amount of money.  

Plus, thanks to the precision and accuracy of CAD, this can minimise errors in design, leading to fewer costly mistakes and rework during production.  

Communication and Collaboration  

During the design and planning stages, CAD enables engineers and architects to visually represent their concepts and clearly communicate architectural intent to clients and stakeholders. 

CAD designs can also be easily shared among project stakeholders including contractors, subcontractors and general contractors for real-time collaboration and reviews of design changes. 

What Are The Disadvantages of CAD? 

High Initial Costs 

Purchasing or subscribing to CAD software can be expensive, making it a considerable investment for smaller businesses.  

Another cost to factor in is additional analysis packages, which can quickly add to the base price. 

Another financial challenge to consider is that CAD software also needs to be regularly maintained and upgraded which can rack up in costs over time.  

Requires Training And Specialised Knowledge 

CAD software often has complex interfaces and functionalities, requiring extensive training and practice to take full advantage of it.  

To use the software effectively, teams will need specialised knowledge and skills.  

Dependence on Technology 

Like any software, CAD isn’t 100% infallible. There may be instances of technical failures or crashes, which can disrupt the design process and potentially lead to delays and data loss.  

In the event of this happening, this can not only take up a lot of time to recover the data, but it can also be costly.  

There’s also the risk of intellectual property theft if there aren’t adequate cybersecurity measures in place.  

What Is The Difference Between CAD and BIM (Building Information Modeling)?

As CAD is an umbrella term for design processes involving software, it’s often mistaken to be the same as BIM.  

However, BIM takes the visualisation produced in CAD software and layers it with a rich array of further information.

Fundamentally, BIM is a methodology for undertaking Information Management of a building in a visual environment.  

BIM software provides a centralised digital platform to store, manage and access all data related to a building's design, construction and maintenance.    

Although CAD doesn't offer the same level of data extensiveness as BIM, it’s an invaluable tool for the precise creation of floor plans, elevations and sections alongside space planning and renovations.  

Tool Up With These Additional Resources 

CAD is an integral part of the design and documentation process, enabling engineers, architects and construction managers to bring design creations to life with both precision and speed.  

However, depending on the complexity and scope of the project, integrating CAD with other advancing technologies like BIM can offer even greater benefits. 

At SFG20, we want to help you make smarter, more informed decisions to help you prioritise building safety and compliance. 

To guide you in the right direction, we recommend reading our below linked BIM guide or downloading our free Ultimate Guide To Facilities Management Software e-book so that you can compare choices without any confusion.  

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